Lalitpur, Nepal — In a remarkable achievement for Nepal’s engineering and research sector, a team of Bachelor-level students from the Institute of Engineering (IOE), Pulchowk Campus has published a cutting-edge scientific paper in Electronics, a globally recognized Q2-ranked international journal published by MDPI. 

The paper, titled “Assessing the Adequacy of MQTT and ZeroMQ for 5G-Enabled V2X Networks,” investigates next-generation communication technologies that will power autonomous vehicles, smart transportation systems, and future intelligent mobility. This marks one of the rare instances where undergraduate students from Nepal have successfully published in a top-tier international journal known for high-impact scientific contributions.

The collaborative research was conducted under the guidance of Asst. Prof. Dr. Babu R. Dawadi and Prof. Dr. Shashidhar R. Joshi at Pulchowk Campus, Nepal and Prof. Dr. Pietro Manzoni & Prof. Dr. Carlos T. Calafate of the Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain—one of Europe’s leading engineering institutions. 

Breakthrough for Nepal in 5G and Intelligent Transport Systems Research

The study presents an advanced simulation-based analysis of two critical communication protocols—MQTT and ZeroMQ—used in 5G-enabled Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) networks. These technologies allow vehicles to communicate with other vehicles, infrastructure, pedestrians, and cloud systems in real time, forming the foundation of self-driving cars and smart road safety systems.

Using a sophisticated framework combining OMNeT++, Simu5G, Veins, and SUMO, the team simulated a realistic urban environment and evaluated how efficiently each protocol supports high-speed vehicular communication.

Key research findings include:

• ZeroMQ provides significantly lower communication latency, making it ideal for fast, real-time vehicular interactions.
• MQTT demonstrates higher reliability under heavy traffic, making it suitable for large-scale deployments.
• The study offers one of the first comprehensive comparisons of these two protocols within a 5G-enabled V2X environment.

Experts note that such research is essential as Nepal moves toward adopting intelligent transportation technologies and strengthening its digital infrastructure.

A Proud Moment for IOE and Nepal’s Research Community

Dr. Dawadi expressed his pride, stating that this accomplishment “proves that Nepali students can produce world-class research when provided with the right mentorship and opportunities.” He emphasized that the work also contributes to Nepal’s growing involvement in advanced technologies like 5G/6G, SDN, connected mobility, and AI-driven smart systems.

Prof. Manzoni praised the Nepali team for their exceptional dedication and technical competence, noting that the collaboration demonstrates the strong potential for Nepal–Europe research partnerships.

Recognition on the Global Scientific Stage

Published on 18 November 2025, the paper is indexed in major scientific databases and available worldwide under open access, allowing researchers, industries, and policymakers to use the findings. The project received support from the University Grants Commission (UGC), Nepal, and the Generalitat Valenciana, Spain, underscoring the international significance of the work.

Inspiring the Next Generation

This achievement sets a new benchmark for undergraduate research in Nepal. It not only elevates the reputation of IOE, TU but also inspires young engineering students across the country to pursue advanced research, innovation, and global academic excellence.

As Nepal embraces emerging technologies and prepares for the era of smart mobility, such contributions highlight the transformative potential of Nepali engineers in shaping the future of digital transportation.